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¡@¡@«ÕÀq¦b»y¤å±Ð¾Ç¤W³Ì°ò¥»ªº§@¥Î²ö¹L©ó´£¤É¾Ç²ß¿³½ì¡C¦pªG¯à¦b»y¤å¾Ç²ßªº¹Lµ{¤¤²K¤W«ÕÀq·P¡A¾Ç²ß®ðª^±N¥Rº¡±¡½ì¡B±Ò}©MÅw¼Ö¡A»y¤å¾Ç²ß¥ç±NÅܱo§óÂ×´I¡A§ó¦h«º¦hªö¡C¥t¥~¡A«ÕÀq·P¤]¯à´£°ª¦Û«H¤ß¡A¨Ï¾Ç¥Í§ó«i©ó¹Á¸Õ³Ð§@¡A»´µø¥¢±Ñ®À§é¡A¤S¯à¶}ÅP«ä¸ô¡AÁëÁåÅÞ¿è¡A³Ì«á¹FPµü¾W±Ó¾U¡A½Í¯º·¥Íªº¹Ò¬É¡C
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¡@¡@¾ãÅé¦Ó¨¥¡A«ÕÀq¯à§â¤@¨Çªí±¤W¬Ý¦ü²@¤£¬ÛÃöªº¨Æª«¡A¸g¹L¹ñ·sªº¤âªk¬Û³s¦b¤@°_¡C¦P®É¡A«ÕÀq¤S¯à¤Þµo¥X¤@ªÑ¥O¤HÅå³Y¡BµÎ¾A¡BºZ§Öªº·Pı¡C¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A«ÕÀq©¹©¹¬O¥H¤@ºØ¼H¯º«ã½|¡A¬J»´ÃP¤SÄYµÂªº¤âªk¡A¥©§®¦a¡B«i´±¦a¦A«²Õ¨Æª«ªºÃö«Y¡A±q¦Ó¥O©P³òªº¤H¦b¤@¯º¤§¾l¡A¤£¥Ñ±o¤£¦^¨ý¤T«ä¡C³oºØ«i©ó³Ð·sªº±´¯Áºë¯«©M³B²z¤âªk¤]¦P¼Ë¼vÅTµÛÓ¤Hªº»{ª¾¡]cognition¡^¤Î³Ð§@¤O¡]creativity¡^ªºµo®i¼h±¡]McGhee,
1979¡^¡C¦b«Ü¦h±¡ªp¤U¡A«ÕÀq¤]©M´¼¼z¬Û³s¦b¤@°_¡A©Ò¥H³Qµø¬°¬O°ª«×´¼¼z¤H¤h¦@¦³ªº¯SÂI¡C ¡@¡@
¡@¡@³oӬݦü¬O¡u°ª¤H¡v¤~¦³ªº½è¯À¡A¹ê»Ú¤W¤]¯à¦b¨àµ£¤Î«C¤Ö¦~¨¤W¬yÅS¥X¨Ó¡C±q¤@¦ì¤¤¤@¾Ç¥Íªñ´Á©Ò³Ð§@ªº¤@º^¤å¤¦æ¥´ªo¸Ö¡]limerick¡^ùØ¡A¤w¸g¯à§ä¥X«ÕÀqªºÂܼv¡C¦o²V©M³Ð§@·N©À¤ÎÅÞ¿è±À²z¡A´yz¸Öùتº¡u§Å±C¡v¡C
I
know a witch who hates to fly. |
Her
cat asked her the reason why. |
"When
I fly the flowers bloom |
on
my head and on my broom, |
so I'd rather walk in the sky." |
Jessica
Wan
|
¡@¡@n¥O»´ä¨àµ£°ö¾i¥X«ÕÀq·P¡Aº¥ý±q«ÕÀq©Ò¯à±a¥Xªº¼Ö½ì©MÅwªY¤J¤â¡C«ÕÀq¦b«Äµ£¨¤W©Òµo´§ªº¡A¬O¨º¤£³Q¬ù§ôªºÅwªY©MÅå³Yªº·Pı¡C¨¬°®vªø¡AY¯à§â«ÕÀq©Ò±a¨Óªº´r§Ö·Pı¹B¥Î©ó±Ð¾Ç¤W¡A«K«Ü®e©ö©M¤ß²z¾Çªº¥j¨å¨î¬ù¡]Pavlov's
classical conditioning¡^²z½×Ápµ²¦b¤@°_¡A¨Ï»y¤å¾Ç²ß¦¨¬°¾Çµ£Ìªº¤£¦Ûı¤Ï®g©Î¤ÏÀ³¡]conditioned
reflex / response¡^¡A¶i¦ÓÅý¥LÌ°ö¾i¥X«í¤[ªº¥¿±¾Ç²ßºA«×¡C¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A¥j¨å¨î¬ù¡]classical
conditioning¡^ªº¼Ò¦¡¦¤w¼sªx³QÀ³¥Î¦b±Ð¾Ç¤Î°Ó·~¼s§i¤W¡C¦¨¥\ªº»y¤å±Ð¾Ç«K¬O§â«ÕÀq©M¾\Ū¬Û³s¦b¤@°_¡A¨Ï«ÕÀq©Ò±a¥X¨ÓªºÅwªY·Pı¤]¯à¦ÛµM¦a¡]¤£¦Ûı¦a¡^¥X²{¦b¾\Ū©M¾Ç²ßªº±¡ªpùØ¡C²{®É»´ä¾Ç¥Í¦b^»y¾Ç²ß¤W®É±`·P¨ì®ð¾kªºì¦]¬O¾Ç²ß©M¦Ò¸Õ±a¨Óªºt±±¡ºü¡]¥¢±æ¡BµL§Uµ¥µ¥¡^¡C³ot±±¡ºü¸g¹L¦h¦¸©M¾Ç®Õ½Ò¥»³sµ²¦b¤@°_¡A¥O¾Ç¥Í¦b±¹ï»y¤å¾Ç²ß®É¤]¦P®É·Pı¨ì¾Ç²ß©M¦Ò¸Õ©Ò±a¨Óªºt±±¡ºü¡C¦ý¾A·í¦a¹B¥Î«ÕÀq·P«o¥i¥H¤Ï¹L¨Ó³ê°_¼Ö½ì©M¿E±¡ªº¥¿±±¡ºü¡A¨Ï¾Ç²ß±a¦³¼Ö½ì¡C
¡@¡@¥t¥~¡A®vªø¤]¥i¥H§â«ÕÀq¹B¥Î¦b¤ß²z¾Çªº¾Þ§@¨î¬ù¡]Skinner's
operant conditioning¡^²z½×¤W¡C¦]¬°¾A·í¦a¼úÀy¾Çµ£¦b»y¤å¾Ç²ß¤Wªº«ÕÀqªí²{¡A¬O¥i¥H±j¤Æ¡]reinforce¡^©Î¾d©T¥L̦b¾Ç²ß¤Wªºªí²{©M¦æ¬°¡C¦¨¥\ªº¾Þ§@¨î¬ù¡]operant
conditioning¡^¦b©ó¼W±jª«¡]reinforcer¡^©Î¼W±j¨ë¿E¡]reinforcing stimulus¡^¦b¨àµ£¨¤W©Ò¤Þµo°_ªº±j¤Æ§@¥Î¡]reinforcement¡^¡C°²Y»y¤å¾Ç²ß¯à©M¥¿±µ²ªG¡]¥¿¼W±jª«¡G¦¨¥\¡^Ápµ²¦b¤@°_¡A¾Ç²ß«K¦³¥¿¼W±j¡]positive
reinforcement¡^©Î¶i¨Bªí²{¡C¬Û¤Ï¡A°²Y¾Ç²ß¬O©Mt±µ²ªG¡]t¼W±jª«¡G¥¢±Ñ¡^³sµ²¦b¤@°_¡A¾Çµ£«K·|©Úµ´¾Ç²ß¡A©Úµ´¾Ç²ß±N·|¦³t¼W±j¡]negative
reinforcement¡^ªí²{¡C´«¥y¸Ü»¡¡A¬°¤F¯àÁ׶}¡u¥¢±Ñ¡v¡A¾Çµ£·|¶Vµo¡u©Úµ´¾Ç²ß¡v¡A¦b¥L̪º²z¸Ñ½d³ò¤º¡A¶V¯à°kÁ׾DzߡA¶V¤£·|¹J¤W¥¢±Ñ¡C¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A«ÕÀqè¦n¯àªý¤î°kÁ׾Dzߪº¥X²{¡C¦]¬°«ÕÀq¦b»y¤å¾Ç²ß¤W©¹©¹¬O©M¥¿±ªºµ²ªG¡]¥¿¼W±jª«¡G¦³½ì¡^Ápµ²¦b¤@°_¡AÄ~¦Ó±a¨Ó¥¿±ªº¾Ç²ßªí²{©M¦æ¬°¡C«ÕÀq®ÑÂÇ©Ò±a¨Óªº¼Ö½ì¡A¥¿¬OºûôŪªÌ¤£°±¦a¾\Äýªº¥D¦]©M±À°Ê¤O¡C¡@¡@
¡@¡@«ÕÀqªº¾y¤O¡A¦b©ó¯à¥O¾Çµ£¦b¾Ç²ß¤W¤£¦Ûı¦a¦ÛµM§ë¤J¡A¦pªG¯à«ù¤§¥H«í¡A¾Ç²ß±NºtÅܬ°¾Çµ£¥Í¬¡ªº¤@³¡¥÷¡C±Ð¨|²ÎÄw©eû·|¡]2000¡^µoªíªº¡m»´ä±Ð¨|¨î«×§ï²¡n¤¤¤]«Øij¥H¡u²×¨¾Ç²ß¡v¬°¤f¸¹¡C¤@¶µ¦b»´ä¤p¾Ç¶i¦æªº¸ÕÅçp¹ºùØ¡Aªì¨Bµo²{¤p¤@¦Ü¤p¤T¾Ç¥Í¹ï«ÕÀq^¤å®ÑÄy¡]Dr.
Seuss series¡^ªº¾\Ū¿³½ì¦³©úÅ㪺´£¤É¡C¾Ç¥Íªº§@«~¡]^¤åµ£ÁÁ©M¹Ïµe¡^¤]¬yÅS¥X¥LÌ¿W¯Sªº¤âªk¡]¹Ï¤@¤Î¹Ï¤G¡A¨ú¦ÛMaryknoll
Fathers' School (Primary Section) "Happy Learning"¥Zª«¡^¡C
¡]¹Ï¤@¤Î¹Ï¤G¡^
¡@¡@¥t¥~¡A¦Ñ®v¥ç¥iɧU½ÒÃD¤Þ¤J´I«ÕÀq·Pªº°Q½×¡AÅý¤pªB¤Í§ó®e©ö¦a¦b»´ÃPªº°Q½×Àô¹Òùئ۵o¦aªí¹F·N¨£©M§çµo±¡ºü¡C¦Ñ®v¦b¦P¾Çªº°Q½×¹Lµ{©M¤º®eùØ¡A«Ü®e©ö¹îı¨ì¦P¾Ç¹ï¨Æª«ªº¬Ýªk¡A¶i¦Ó¤F¸Ñ¥L̪º¤º¤ß¥@¬É¡A¦nÅý¦Ñ®v¯à¤é«á¦A¥[¥H¸ò¶i¡C¨Ò¦p¦b¨ä¤¤¤@¥»^¤åŪ¥»Put
Me in the ZooùØ¡A¦Ñ®v°Ý¾Ç¥Í¹çÄ@³Q©ñ¸m¦b°Êª«¶éÁÙ¬O¦b´ËªLùإͬ¡¡A¤@¦W¨k¾Çµ£ªº¦^µª¤º®e¡G
¡u§Ú·íµM¿ï¾Ü¦í¦b°Êª«¶é¡A¦]¬°¥i¥H¹¦íµL¼~¡C¬Û¤Ï¡A¦í¦b´ËªLn¦Û¤v³V¹¤§¥~¡AÁÙ¥i¯à·|³Q¨ä¥L²rÃ~°l±þ¡A´q®£«×¤é¡A§Ú¬°¬Æ»ò¤£¿ï¥i¥H¦w¶h¥Í¬¡ªº°Êª«¶é©O¡H¡v¡]·NĶ¦Û¡mÄ«ªG¤é³ø¡n¡A2001¦~4¤ë1¤é¡^¡C |
¡@¡@¤@¶µ¥»¦aªº¬ã¨s³ø§i¡]±¤Î¼B¡A1998¡^«ü¥X¡A«ÕÀq»P¾Çµ£¹ï¦Û¤v¦b¾Ç·~¤ÎªÀ¥æ¯à¤Oªº¬Ýªk¬O¦¨¥¿¤ñªº¡C¦b¬ü°ê¥®¸X¶é¤Î¤p¾Ç¶i¦æ¤F¤Q¦~ªº°lÂܬã¨s¡]McGhee,
1980¡^§ó«ü¥X«ÕÀq¯à«P¶i¤H»ÚÃö«Y¡CMartin¡]1989¡^¤]´£Ä³®aªø¹ªÀy¤l¤k¥H«ÕÀqªººA«×¥Í¬¡¡A¥HÀ³¥I©P³ò¦³¥i¯à¥X²{ªº§xÃø¡C¥t¥~¡A¤@¶µ¦³Ãö¤¤¤å¤p»¡³Ð§@°V½mªº¬ã¨sµo²{¦³±¡ºü§xÂZªº¦P¾Ç¦b¼g§@«á¡At±±¡ºü±o¨ìµÎµo¡]³¯¤Î±¡A2001¡^¡Cn¬O¦A¥[´¡«ÕÀqªº¤¸¯À¡A¥i¯à¦³§ó¥¿±ªº®ÄªG¡C¨ä¥L¬ÛÃöªº¬ã¨s¡A¥]¬A«ÕÀq»P¹CÀ¸¹ï³Ð³y¤Oªº¼vÅT¡]¼B¤Î±¡A2000¡^¤Î«ÕÀq¤p«~¹ï¨àµ£©ó¾\Ū°Ê¾÷¤Î³Ð³y¤OªºÃö«Y¡]±¡B·Å¡B¼B¤Î³\¡A2000¡^¡A¤]Åã¥Ü¦³¹ï¾Çµ£»y¤å¾Ç²ßªº°Ê¾÷¦³¥¿±ªº¼vÅT¡C
¡@¡@Á`¬A¦Ó¨¥¡A«ÕÀq·P¦b»y¤å±Ð¾Ç¤Wªº«n©Ê¬OµL¥i¸mºÃªº¡A¥¦¬O´£¤É¾Çµ£ªº¾Ç²ß¿³½ìªº¥ý¨M±ø¥ó¡A±q¦Ó¼W±j¥LÌ»y¤åªºªí¹F¯à¤O¡A¥ç¦³§U°ö¾i¾Çµ£¥¿±ªº¾Ç²ßºA«×¡A´£¤É¥L̳B²z¦M¾÷ªº¯à¤O¡A¨Ï¥L̯à§óÆF¬¡¦a³B¨Æ¤Î¸Ñ¨M§xµ~¡]±¡A1998¡^¡C
°Ñ¦Ò®Ñ¥Ø¡G
Chan,
P.C. & Chik, P.Y. (2001). Implications of Chinese
fiction writing on school children's affective-cognitive
expression. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Baptist University. |
Chik,
P.Y. (1998). Why Humor in Children. In House
of Tomorrow. Vol.7(1), (p.1) Hong Kong: Center
for Child Development, Hong Kong Baptist University. |
Chik,
P.Y. & Lau, S. (1998). Relationship of humor
to intelligence, self-concept, and peer relations.
Hong Kong: Hong Kong Baptist University. |
Chik,
P.Y., Wan, J.W.S., Lau, S., & Hui, A. (2000). Humorous
literary texts: Effects on children's reading motivation
and their verbal creativity. Hong Kong: Hong
Kong Baptist University. |
Education
Commission (2000). Reform proposals for the education
systems in Hong Kong. Hong Kong: HKSAR Printing
Department. |
Lau,
S. & Chik, P.Y. (2000). Interplay of humor and
play on creativity. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Baptist
University. |
Lopshire,
R. (1960). Put me in the zoo. New York: Random
house Inc. |
Martin,
R.A. (1989). Humor and the mastery of living: Using
humor to cope with the daily stresses of growing
up. In P.E. McGhee (Ed.), Humor and children's
development: A guide to practical applications.
(pp.135-154).New York: Haworth. |
Maryknoll
Fathers' School (Primary Section) (2000). Happy
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McGhee,
P.E. (1979). Humor: Its origin and development.
New York: W.H. Freeman. |
McGhee,
P.E. (1980). Development of the sense of humor in
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& A.J. Chapman (Eds.), Children's humor.
(pp.212-236).Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. |
<·d¯º¡G¦³«ÕÀq²ÓM¡Aµo´§ªÌ¤£¦h¡Ö¬P´Á¤é±MÃD¡A¥Z©ó¡mÄ«ªG¤é³ø¡n¤G¹s¹s¤@¦~¥|¤ë¤@¤é¡C |
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